TM 9-2610-200-14 E-2 APPENDIX E: GLOSSARY (Con't) Brittleness   Tendency to crack or snap when subjected to deformation. Buckled Tread   Tire distortion caused by improper molding, evidenced by wrinkling on the inside of the casing or other deformations. Buffed Surface   The prepared surface of a tire casing that provides proper adhesion between the previously vulcanized casing and the new rubber. Buffer    A machine used to file or scrape the old tread from the tire. Buffing   Removing knife marks from skived tires or rubber, and preparing surface   areas for application of uncured rubber stocks. Buildup   The application of retread or repair rubber . Bulge   An uneven or swelled place in an inflated tire that may indicate that the tire has an inside break., ply separation, or tread separation. In tubeless tires, a bulge could indicate that the inner liner or seal is not holding the air, which is migrating through the body plies to the outer surface, causing a separation between the body plies and rubber. If tire is not inflated, check for separations Carcass   See Casing.   Casing   The tire structure, excepting tread and sidewall rubber. Cavity    The skived out portion of a tire repair (nail holes, cuts, breaks. etc.) ; the   hollow  portion of a vulcanizing mold, where tires are placed for curing. C-clamp   A device designed for the vulcanizing of nail holes, spots, and plug portions of section and reinforcement repairs. Cement   An adhesive rubber compound dissolved in solvent used to provide   building tack and cured adhesion. May be brushed or sprayed on the buffed surface. Chafer Fabric   The layer of fabric covering the bead in the area between the bead and rim, designed to protect the bead against abrasion from contact with the rim flange. Checking   Cracks that develop in tire treads and sidewalls in the process of deterioration. See Ozone. Chemical Cure   Vulcanization at room temperature or above; activated by chemical agents,  without the application of heat from an outside source. See Self- vulcanization. Chunking   The breaking away of pieces of the tread from the casing. Pieces may range from a very small size to several inches in area. Classification Codes      The status code in which items are placed when received or inspected that identifies their state of repair.